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GNU tar: an archiver tool
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This manual is for GNU `tar' (version 1.20, 14 April 2008), which
creates and extracts files from archives.
Copyright (C) 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License".
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy
and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports
it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom."
The first part of this master menu lists the major nodes in this Info
document. The rest of the menu lists all the lower level nodes.
Introduction- Tutorial
- tar invocation
- operations
- Backups
- Choosing
- Date input formats
- Formats
- Media
Appendices
- Changes
- Configuring Help Summary
- Fixing Snapshot Files
- Tar Internals
- Genfile
- Free Software Needs Free Documentation
- Copying This Manual
- Index of Command Line Options
- Index
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Introduction
- Book Contents
- What this Book Contains
- Definitions
- Some Definitions
- What tar Does
- What `tar' Does
- Naming tar Archives
- How `tar' Archives are Named
- Authors
- GNU `tar' Authors
- Reports
- Reporting bugs or suggestions
Tutorial Introduction to `tar'
- assumptions
- stylistic conventions
- basic tar options
- Basic `tar' Operations and Options
- frequent operations
- Two Frequent Options
- create
- How to Create Archives
- list
- How to List Archives
- extract
- How to Extract Members from an Archive
- going further
Two Frequently Used Options
- file tutorial
- verbose tutorial
- help tutorial
How to Create Archives
- prepare for examples
- Creating the archive
- create verbose
- short create
- create dir
How to List Archives
- list dir
How to Extract Members from an Archive
- extracting archives
- extracting files
- extract dir
- extracting untrusted archives
- failing commands
Invoking GNU `tar'
- Synopsis
- using tar options
- Styles
- All Options
- help
- defaults
- verbose
- checkpoints
- interactive
The Three Option Styles
- Long Options
- Long Option Style
- Short Options
- Short Option Style
- Old Options
- Old Option Style
- Mixing
- Mixing Option Styles
All `tar' Options
- Operation Summary
- Option Summary
- Short Option Summary
GNU `tar' Operations
- Basic tar
- Advanced tar
- create options
- extract options
- backup
- Applications
- looking ahead
Advanced GNU `tar' Operations
- Operations
- append
- update
- concatenate
- delete
- compare
How to Add Files to Existing Archives: `--append'
- appending files
- Appending Files to an Archive
- multiple
Updating an Archive
- how to update
Options Used by `--create'
- override
- Overriding File Metadata.
- Ignore Failed Read
Options Used by `--extract'
- Reading
- Options to Help Read Archives
- Writing
- Changing How `tar' Writes Files
- Scarce
- Coping with Scarce Resources
Options to Help Read Archives
- read full records
- Ignore Zeros
Changing How `tar' Writes Files
- Dealing with Old Files
- Overwrite Old Files
- Keep Old Files
- Keep Newer Files
- Unlink First
- Recursive Unlink
- Data Modification Times
- Setting Access Permissions
- Directory Modification Times and Permissions
- Writing to Standard Output
- Writing to an External Program
- remove files
Coping with Scarce Resources
- Starting File
- Same Order
Performing Backups and Restoring Files
- Full Dumps
- Using `tar' to Perform Full Dumps
- Incremental Dumps
- Using `tar' to Perform Incremental Dumps
- Backup Levels
- Levels of Backups
- Backup Parameters
- Setting Parameters for Backups and Restoration
- Scripted Backups
- Using the Backup Scripts
- Scripted Restoration
- Using the Restore Script
Setting Parameters for Backups and Restoration
- General-Purpose Variables
- Magnetic Tape Control
- User Hooks
- backup-specs example
- An Example Text of `Backup-specs'
Choosing Files and Names for `tar'
- file
- Choosing the Archive's Name
- Selecting Archive Members
- files
- Reading Names from a File
- exclude
- Excluding Some Files
- wildcards
- Wildcards Patterns and Matching
- quoting styles
- Ways of Quoting Special Characters in Names
- transform
- Modifying File and Member Names
- after
- Operating Only on New Files
- recurse
- Descending into Directories
- one
- Crossing File System Boundaries
Reading Names from a File
- nul
Excluding Some Files
- problems with exclude
Wildcards Patterns and Matching
- controlling pattern-matching
Crossing File System Boundaries
- directory
- Changing Directory
- absolute
- Absolute File Names
Date input formats
- General date syntax
- Common rules.
- Calendar date items
- 19 Dec 1994.
- Time of day items
- 9:20pm.
- Time zone items
- EST, PDT, GMT.
- Day of week items
- Monday and others.
- Relative items in date strings
- next tuesday, 2 years ago.
- Pure numbers in date strings
- 19931219, 1440.
- Seconds since the Epoch
- @1078100502.
- Specifying time zone rules
- TZ="America/New_York", TZ="UTC0".
- Authors of get_date
- Bellovin, Eggert, Salz, Berets, et al.
Controlling the Archive Format
- Compression
- Using Less Space through Compression
- Attributes
- Handling File Attributes
- Portability
- Making `tar' Archives More Portable
- cpio
- Comparison of `tar' and `cpio'
Using Less Space through Compression
- gzip
- Creating and Reading Compressed Archives
- sparse
- Archiving Sparse Files
Making `tar' Archives More Portable
- Portable Names
- Portable Names
- dereference
- Symbolic Links
- hard links
- Hard Links
- old
- Old V7 Archives
- ustar
- Ustar Archives
- gnu
- GNU and old GNU format archives.
- posix
- POSIX archives
- Checksumming
- Checksumming Problems
- Large or Negative Values
- Large files, negative time stamps, etc.
- Other Tars
- How to Extract GNU-Specific Data Using
Other `tar' Implementations
GNU `tar' and POSIX `tar'
- PAX keywords
- Controlling Extended Header Keywords.
How to Extract GNU-Specific Data Using Other `tar' Implementations
- Split Recovery
- Members Split Between Volumes
- Sparse Recovery
- Sparse Members
Tapes and Other Archive Media
- Device
- Device selection and switching
- Remote Tape Server
- Common Problems and Solutions
- Blocking
- Blocking
- Many
- Many archives on one tape
- Using Multiple Tapes
- Using Multiple Tapes
- label
- Including a Label in the Archive
- verify
- Write Protection
Blocking
- Format Variations
- Format Variations
- Blocking Factor
- The Blocking Factor of an Archive
Many Archives on One Tape
- Tape Positioning
- Tape Positions and Tape Marks
- mt
- The `mt' Utility
Using Multiple Tapes
- Multi-Volume Archives
- Archives Longer than One Tape or Disk
- Tape Files
- Tape Files
- Tarcat
- Concatenate Volumes into a Single Archive
Tar Internals
- Standard
- Basic Tar Format
- Extensions
- GNU Extensions to the Archive Format
- Sparse Formats
- Storing Sparse Files
- Snapshot Files
- Dumpdir
Storing Sparse Files
- Old GNU Format
- PAX 0
- PAX Format, Versions 0.0 and 0.1
- PAX 1
- PAX Format, Version 1.0
Genfile
- Generate Mode
- File Generation Mode.
- Status Mode
- File Status Mode.
- Exec Mode
- Synchronous Execution mode.
Copying This Manual
- GNU Free Documentation License
- License for copying this manual
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